1% (95% CI 64.3-75.4%). Female students self-medicated more often than male students odds ratio = 1.45 (95% CI% 1.17-1.79). The prevalence of self-medication in medical students (97.2%) was higher than in non-medical students (44.7%). The Itest indicated high, statistically significant heterogeneity. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bodipy-493-503.html The sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable.
The prevalence of self-medication among students worldwide is high. Programmes on the risks of self-medication and increasing control and monitoring of the sale of drugs are recommended. Facilitating students' access to doctors and health centres could reduce self-medication in students.
The prevalence of self-medication among students worldwide is high. Programmes on the risks of self-medication and increasing control and monitoring of the sale of drugs are recommended. Facilitating students' access to doctors and health centres could reduce self-medication in students.The worldwide prevalence estimates for attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) are extremely heterogeneous. Diagnosis in children demands symptoms be present in at least 2 different settings, mainly school and home. The proportion of children estimated to have ADHD can vary based on whether the symptoms are evaluated by parents or teachers.
This study determined whether ADHD and its subtypes are better recognized by parents or teachers.
Our study included 1326 schoolchildren (boys = 712, girls = 614; age range 6-12 years). We prepared 2 questionnaires for each student enrolled in the study; one was completed by the student's parents and the other by the teacher. We included students who attended 3 selected schools in the cities of Amman and Karak in Jordan during the first term of 2017. The Arabic version of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, was used for the diagnosis and classification of ADHD.
Of the 1326 students included in this study, 254 (19.2%) were considered to have ADHD by the teachers and 172 (13.0%) by the parents. The Wilcoxon signed-ranks test showed that teachers gave statistically higher scores on the questionnaire than parents. However, overall agreement between parents and teachers, as measured by the κ-value, reached 77.2%.
Although both teachers and parents recognized ADHD symptoms, they were generally more recognized by teachers than by parents.
Although both teachers and parents recognized ADHD symptoms, they were generally more recognized by teachers than by parents.Adherence to pharmacy practice guidelines for dispensing medications in pharmacy settings is important to ensure the safe use of medications.
This study assessed the pattern and adequacy of information given to consumers on over-the-counter medications dispensed in community pharmacies in Tripoli, Libya, and compared the performance of pharmacists and non-pharmacists.
This was a cross-sectional survey of private community pharmacies conducted in 2018 . Trained simulated patients were used to collect data on over-the-counter medications dispensed for hypothetical common cold symptoms and the information given by the pharmacy staff on the medication. This information included name and the strength of the medication, indication for use, duration of use, dosage, how often to take the medicine, timing (before/after/with food), storage, expiry date, and side-effects of the medicine. Time taken to deliver the information was recorded. The adequacy of information provided by the pharmacists and non-pharmacists was compared.
A total of 169 pharmacies were surveyed. There were no significant differences between pharmacists and non-pharmacists in information given on the dispensed medications, except for information on taking the medication with food or not (84.5% of pharmacists gave this information versus 57.1% of non-pharmacists; P = 0.001) and on potential side-effects (39.4% of pharmacists versus 20.3% of non-pharmacists; P = 0.014). Significantly more pharmacists (85.9%) than non-pharmacists (61.2%) provided the medication-related information in less than 1 minute (P = 0.001).
The inadequate information on medications provided by pharmacists is a concern for patient safety. Health regulatory organizations need to promote safe medication practices.
The inadequate information on medications provided by pharmacists is a concern for patient safety. Health regulatory organizations need to promote safe medication practices.Socioeconomic-related inequalities in health are a major public health challenge in both developed and developing countries. Little evidence is available on socioeconomic-related inequalities in health in different regions of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
This study aimed to determine socioeconomic-related inequality in poor self-rated health in adults in Kermanshah city, western Islamic Republic of Iran.
This cross-sectional study with stratified sampling obtained data on socioeconomic status, demographic characteristics, behavioural risk factors and self-rated health of 2040 adults (? 18 years) in Kermanshah city. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants. The concentration (C) index and C curve were used to determine the socioeconomic-related inequality in poor self-rated health. A decomposition analysis of the C index was done to identify the factors explaining socioeconomic-related inequality in poor self-rated health.
The crude and age-adjusted prevalence socioeconomic-related inequalities in poor self-rated health in Kermanshah.National health accounts provide data for health-financing policy analysis, reforms and strategies to attain national health development goals and objectives such as universal health coverage. However, in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region there are many challenges, making it difficult for health accounts teams to provide timely reports and for policy-makers to use them to inform policy change.
To undertake a situational analysis of health accounts in the Region and assess the health accounts production process. Additionally, the study looked at challenges facing health accounts teams in institutionalizing the health accounts process.
The WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean has been conducting country missions to its 22 countries to assist health accounts teams and assess the status of health accounts production and institutionalization. A survey administered at a regional training workshop in October 2018 examined the challenges and successes in health accounts production.